Thursday, June 28, 2018

 

How To Enter the USA Legally and Why Not Be An Illegal: How Our Country Stands Today

Nadene Goldfoot                            
Illegal border crossings had increased by 203 percent from March 2017 to March 2018. 

We've been having a big problem with illegal immigration from Mexico.  President Trump has had families separated who have come illegally, without a visa, and has since changed his mind and now the agents are reuniting children with their parents.  There is the claim that  "what these Central Americans did wasn't a crime before April, but it became one by presidential decree. 
                                                        
Lawyer Kirstjen Nielsen, head of Homeland Security
At least since 9/11 and Homeland Security, with Law18 U.S.C. since 2001,  "Entry without inspection is a serious crime. For the first commission of such an offense, the punishment is a fine or imprisoned for not more than 6 months, or both, and, for a subsequent offense, a fine or imprisoned for not more than 2 years, or both.  If this was by presidential decree, "decree is a rule of law usually issued by a head of state (such as the president of a republic or a monarch), according to certain procedures (usually established in a constitution). It has the force of law."  

It's noted that "In 2002, President Bush (2001-2009) passed the Homeland Security Act (that cost about $589 billion), creating an umbrella entity charged with keeping the U.S. safe from future terrorist attacks. The new department would oversee a range of agencies, including those dealing with immigration — U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), and U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CPB). "

Amnesty didn't work with Bush in 2007.  President Barack Obama came to office in 2009 and pledged that during his first year of office he would enact amnesty legislation for illegal aliens living in the U.S. That didn't happen for pragmatic reasons.  The Obama administration carried out a policy of de facto amnesty for millions of illegal aliens through executive policy decisions.  People were not focusing on this issue at that time. We are left with the Dreamers, children he let in which are the beginnings of this story.   "— DHS Secretary Napolitano describes the Obama administration’s vision of immigration reform as a “three-legged stool” in a speech at the pro-amnesty think tank Center for American Progress. The so-called “stool” consists of: (1) a mass amnesty for the approximately 12 million illegal aliens currently living in the U.S.; (2) “improved legal flows for families and workers,” which means a dramatic increase in legal immigration; and (3) empty promises of “serious and effective enforcement."

On June 15, 2012, President Barack Obama announced that his administration would stop deporting undocumented immigrants who match certain criteria included in the proposed DREAM Act.[38] On August 15, 2012, the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services(USCIS) began accepting applications under the Obama administration's new Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program. 

There is  a policy on the books that all adults caught crossing into the US illegally are supposed to be criminally prosecuted — and when that happens to a parent, separation is inevitable.  The problem is, it wasn't enforced during the Obama administration.  Since then we have had a surge of illegal immigration taking advantage of getting in easily.   But migrants who’ve been referred for criminal prosecution get sent to a federal jail and brought before a federal judge a few weeks later to see if they’ll get prison time. That’s where the separation happened — because you can’t be kept with your children in federal jail.

2017:  "Trump signed two executive orders on immigration on Wednesday that collectively will make life more precarious for unauthorized immigrants already in the United States and those who are trying to cross over. And according to media reports, including drafts of four executive orders sent anonymously to Vox, there are many more to come."

As to executive orders, George W. Bush signed 291 over his 8 years of office.
Obama signed 276 over his 8 years of office.
Trump has signed 77 over his 1.424 yr of office. 

The Trump administration has separated over 2,000 families at the US/Mexico border. This visualization from Vox’s Javier Zarracina shows family separations over six weeks, from mid-April to the end of May. On May 7, Attorney General Jeff Sessions announced a “zero-tolerance” policy of prosecuting everyone caught crossing the border illegally (between ports of entry), launching the family-separation policy in its current form.

                                                                          
Traffic approaching the San Ysidro, San Diegoborder inspection station
To enter the USA legally, There are 48 places where people can legally cross the Mexico–United States border (see reference below).  


  • If you’re outside the U.S., you will apply for an immigrant visa through consular processing with a U.S. Department of State embassy or consulate abroad.  
  • All travelers entering the United States from all other countries need a passport upon arrival (regardless of their country of citizenship).
 "When you arrive in the United States, you must show valid travel documents as part of the entry process. The documents you need depend on the country you are arriving from and your citizenship or status.  
  • Citizens of Canada, Mexico and Bermuda can find the necessary travel documents from the Department of Homeland Security under “land and sea entry.”
                                                         

"Each year the Border Patrol apprehends hundreds of thousands of aliens who flagrantly violate our nation's laws by unlawfully crossing U.S. borders. One of the worst is MS-13 gang.  "Mara Salvatrucha (MS), also known as MS-13 (the 13 representing their Sureño affiliation), is an international criminal gang that originated in Los Angeles, California, in the 1980s. The gang later spread to many parts of the continental United States, Canada, Mexico, and Central America, and is active in urban and suburban areas. Most members are of Central American origin, principally El Salvador."   

Such illegal entry was considered or treated as a misdemeanor, and, if repeated after being deported, becomes punishable as a felony (a crime, typically one involving violence, regarded as more serious than a misdemeanor, and usually punishable by imprisonment for more than one year or by death.

"he pleaded guilty to six felonies").  A misdemeanor is:  a minor wrongdoing or crime.

  1. More than 200,000 people have been killed or have disappeared since Mexico's government declared war on organized crime in December 2006.  The legalization of marijuana in parts of the US has driven Mexico's cartels to push harder drugs like methamphetamine, heroin, and fentanyl, a powerful synthetic opioid.  " We do know that close to a third of federal inmates are illegals."
This has fuelled an epidemic north of the border, with provisional figures from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention suggesting that more than 64,000 Americans died from drug overdoses in 2016, up 21% from the previous year.

Illegal entry into the USA is referred to as ENTRY WITHOUT INSPECTION OR EWI (in violation of the immigration law).  Others who enter legally and stay longer than agreed with or illegally are referred to as OVERSTAYERS.  Immigration authorities currently estimate that 2/3 to 3/5 of all illegal immigrants are EWIs and the remainer are OVERSTAYERS.  Both type of illegal immigrants are deportable under "Immigration and Nationality Act Section 237 (a)(1)(B) which says: "Any alien who is present in the United States in violation of this Act or any other law of the United States is deportable."


We have an open door to come in legally.  We use labor in the field of agriculture.  The problem is that businesses have been used to using cheap labor and encourage it to happen.  

Update 6/30/18 7pm: Legal entrants claiming asylum because of husbands beating wives or violence from gangs is not longer since the 11th reasons for asylum said Jeff Sessions.  " The number of people who told homeland security officials that they had a credible fear of persecution jumped to 94,000 in 2016 from 5,000 in 2009, he said in a speech earlier in the day in which he signaled he would restore “sound principles of asylum and longstanding principles of immigration law.”

The term, illegal aliens, means that people have entered illegally.  If something is illegal, it is a crime.  "

Illegal entry (or "improper entry") to the US carries criminal penalties

 (fines and jail or prison time), in addition to civil penalties and 

immigration consequences (deportation and bars from future entry). 

That's the sticky point, being barred from future entry.  If someone really wants

 and intends to live here permanently, illegal entrance once ends that dream 

for them.  


Illegal immigration has allowed criminals to enter in the form of dangerous gangs, and drugs have been entering this way.  It's quite a racket.  One of the problems caused by illegal immigration is the enormous drain on public funds.  Taxes they wind up paying doesn't begin to cover the cost of services given to them.  Those that enter are poor and unskilled, and become a drain on the costs of education, health care and other services.  It used to  be that farmers put field workers up in shacks on their property, but they're not all coming in as field workers.  It's said that they take work not wanted by the out of work American citizens, but by taking a cut of an American's wage makes the competition favor the refugee, in today's case Central American refugees, and this hits our minority workers who would have taken the job, or those without high school degrees dependent on seasonal work to get by. 

Every country has limited resources.  One of the most precious is water.  Only a few years ago, public water works were being sold to private companies who could raise prices at a whim.  This is something to think about with an exploding population.  Our population is  326,733,409 .  By September 19, the world population will be 7.5 billion.  
"Central America consists of seven countries: Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama. The combined population of Central America is between 41,739,000 (2009 estimate) and 42,688,190 (2012 estimate). We can figure that the past 6 years has caused it to rise, even with people leaving as refugees.  The question rises as to why the Central Americans can't find refuge in Mexico, which they go through to get to the USA.  Mexico's population is 130,759,074 for 2018.  

Now the questions comes up, if this is morally right to follow the law of the land in there are people who think it's wrong?  We are a country based on law and fairness, and being fair is to follow the majority or come up legally with something satisfying to all.  
                                                 

It can be compared to the Germans following Nazi law with Hitler at the helm.  Why didn't the Germans demonstrate against the discrimination against the Jews?  All rights were being taking away from the Jews.  Isn't it wonderful that we have Americans demonstrating against the cruelty of taking children away from their parents?  I think writer Leon Uris would bring up the differences between the social society of Germany, a patriarchy -led country and the USA, with unrestricted children raised by both parents who do or don't lay down the law in their house.  Germans were used to doing as their fathers said.  Hitler used that.  We are a different people.  Besides that, "On Nov. 11, 1938, the German minister of the interior issued "Regulations Against Jews Possession of Weapons." Not only were Jews forbidden to own guns and ammunition, they couldn’t own "truncheons or stabbing weapons."  In this way, where guns were at a minimum anyway among the population, Jews had no protection even if other people did protest, which they didn't.  "Few German citizens owned, or were entitled to own firearms in Germany in the 1930s. The Weimar Republic had strict gun control laws."  
                                                  
Melania Trump, Donald's wife
An immigrant herself in 1996, has gone to inspect the quarters for childre
n
 
First, Trump is not a Hitler and is President of a very democratic country with checks and balances.  He has been president, though, under the most horrid of circumstances under terrible pressure, but seems to us to thrive under it, unlike all the rest of us would, I'm sure.  His quiet wife spoke up softly to him and he backtracked with his plan with an executive order.  "The president signed the executive order days after he said that the only way to end the division of families was through congressional action because “you can’t do it through an executive order.” But he changed his mind after a barrage of criticism from Democrats, activists, members of his own party and even his wife and eldest daughter, who privately told him the policy was wrong."  Children are being reunited.  He didn't do this all by himself and he can't undo it all by himself overnight.  Others have to step forward to help get this deed done.  He saw light at the end of the tunnel in trying to stop illegal immigration, but will have to alter his agenda that affected the children.  
Maxine's words show me she lacks the understanding
of the Muslims and their goals  and why they have been at war with Israel.  If she's a powerhouse, she'll only be bad for Israel.  Does
she not know that London's mayor is a Muslim?
She's one that calls for action against Trump-real physical action.
 Maxine's words:  "Already, you have members of your Cabinet that have been booed out of restaurants, who have protesters taking up at their house who sang, ‘No peace, no sleep. No peace, no sleep.’ And guess what, we’re going to win this battle ... so let’s stay the course. Let’s make sure we show up wherever we have to show up. And if you see anybody from that Cabinet in a restaurant, in a department store, at a gasoline station, you get out and you create a crowd and you push back on them and you tell them they're not welcome anymore, anywhere ... Mr. President, we will see you everyday, every hour of the day, everywhere that we are to let you know you cannot get away with this."
                                                
Kathy Griffin and her beheading photo, says she is done apologizing over the photos she took holding a facsimile of President Donald Trump's detached, bloodied head by the hair. Instead, the comedian believes the president should apologize for comments he has made. 
That's pure hatred for Trump, no doubt inspired by ISIS.

Maxine wants to impeach Trump

We have Congresswoman Maxine Waters egging people on to do things to Republicans.  " Rep. Matt Gaetz (R-Fla.), a top Trump ally, who said he is involved with efforts to convince House leaders to censure Waters over her comments." We have freedom of speech but hers is harmful-aimed at the president, in that she encourages violence with her speech.    He may have started such behavior of name calling and "lock her up", but she lowered herself lower than his level of behavior. Usually people don't want to lower themselves to a nasty's level.  What's happening is that they are not only lower but in competition with how bad they can get, especially the movie actors.   People have to shape up.  Two wrongs don't make a right.   
                                                       
Hitler making deals about Jews
Jews in the 30s wanting to leave Europe had nowhere to turn to.  Palestine had been set off at the end of WWI by the League of Nations to be the Jewish Homeland and would have been the most wonderful place for German Jews to flee to in the late 30s but England had other ideas about it and they held the Law then with the mandate.  Jews could not enter South American countries because they did not have baptism papers-something only Christians would have had.  Jews got into the USA only if they had a sponsor who took all responsibility financially.  Thus, 6 million died horrible deaths; exterminated by the cruelest of people.  No, we certainly wouldn't want this to happen to our worst enemy.  The pain is still with the living.  That's the beauty of our country and why we should respect where we live.  It has checks and balances; not a king or a Czar.  We have congress and the judicial Supreme Court.  So we can't take things into our own hands.  We have to vote.  We are lucky to have a vote.  Not all countries have such luck.  But, let's do things within the law, too, please.  We're the country with fair laws, not Nazi ones.  
Update 7/2/18:  According to CNN, to date 2,500 children were separated from their parents in the past 2 months.  With Trump's signing to keep them together, 522 have beein reunited with parent with 16 more due for reunification, leaving some 2,000 more to process.  
https://www.cnn.com/2018/06/23/politics/separated-families-trump-reunification-plan/index.html 
Update 7/2/18: Kirstjen Nielsen, head of Homeland SecurityOn June 18, 2018, Nielsen defended the policy at a sheriffs' conference but said the administration had asked Congress "to allow us to keep families together while they are detained" as an alternative. "We cannot detain children with their parents so we must either release both the parents and the children — this is the historic 'get out of jail free' practice of the previous administration — or the adult and the minor will be separated as the result of prosecuting the adult. Those are the only two options. Surely it is the beginning of the unraveling of democracy when the body who makes the laws, rather than changing them, asks the body who enforces the laws not to enforce the laws. That cannot be the answer."[38] Three days earlier, the DHS said that it had separated 1,995 immigrant children from 1,940 adults, which it described as "alleged adult parents," at the border between mid-April and the end of May. Because the law forbids children from being kept in criminal detention facilities, they are separated from their parents.[39]
On June 20, 2018 after repeated administration arguing that Congress must pass new family separation policy, she is present at Trump's signing of an executive order ending his "zero-tolerance" policy of separating of children from families, for which Democrats had argued.[40]
Nielsen held a press briefing with White House spokesperson Sarah Huckabee Sanders in June 2018 amid growing public outcry about the family separation policy.[41] Nielsen accused the media and member of Congress of mischaracterizing the administration's policy.[41] She dismissed the suggestion that the administration was using family separations as political leverage to force Congress to support Trump's broader immigration agenda or to deter migrants from coming to the United States
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirstjen_Nielsen.

Update: John Kelly said:  On the administration's recently announced "zero tolerance" policy that calls for separating families who cross the border illegally and prosecuting them
"Let me step back and tell you that the vast majority of the people that move illegally into the United States are not bad people. They're not criminals. They're not MS-13. ... But they're also not people that would easily assimilate into the United States, into our modern society. They're overwhelmingly rural people. In the countries they come from, fourth-, fifth-, sixth-grade educations are kind of the norm. They don't speak English; obviously that's a big thing. ... They don't integrate well; they don't have skills. They're not bad people. They're coming here for a reason. And I sympathize with the reason. But the laws are the laws. ... The big point is they elected to come illegally into the United States, and this is a technique that no one hopes will be used extensively or for very long.
"https://www.npr.org/2018/05/10/609478998/john-kelly-despite-times-of-deep-frustration-no-regrets-taking-white housejobResource:https://www.use.gov/enter-us-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border_crossingshttp://thehill.com/opinion/immigration/392984-an-alternative-to-trumps-family-separation-policyhttps://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/20/us/politics/trump-immigration-children-executive-order.html https://www.fairus.org/issue/illegal-immigration/illegal-immigration-crime
https://www.vox.com/2018/6/11/17443198/children-immigrant-families-separated-parents
https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/USCODE-2011-title18/html/USCODE-2011-title18-partII-chap227.htm
https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/136501/ae.1989.16.4.02a00030.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
http://thehill.com/homenews/media/394720-hannity-links-maxine-waterss-rhetoric-to-maryland-shooting
http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/article/2018/jun/26/have-us-rep-maxine-waters-and-president-donald-tru/
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-40480405
https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2017/1/26/14389256/trump-executive-orders
Oregon Rural Action:  Water situation
https://qz.com/899741/how-many-executive-orders-has-donald-trump-signed-compared-to-barack-obama/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_federal_executive_orders
Armageddon by Leon Uris; on Berlin and the Germans, end WWII. 
https://www.uscis.gov/ilink/docView/SLB/HTML/SLB/0-0-0-1/0-0-0-29/0-0-0-5684.html 
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melania_Trump
https://abcnews.go.com/ABC_Univision/News/ways-immigration-system-changed-911/story?id=17231590
https://abcnews.go.com/ABC_Univision/News/ways-immigration-system-changed-911/story?id=17231590
https://www.fairus.org/issue/publications-resources/president-obamas-record-dismantling-immigration-enforcement
http://www.fairus.org/sites/default/files/2017-08/Obama_Enforcement_Report.pdf
https://www.frontpagemag.com/fpm/270569/hate-plus-harassment-equals-violence-lloyd-billingsley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DREAM_Act
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Zetas Worst Mexican Drug gang also in Central America
https://www.cnn.com/2013/09/02/world/americas/mexico-drug-war-fast-facts/index.html
https://www.npr.org/2018/06/22/622540331/fact-check-trump-illegal-immigration-and-crime
https://www.westernjournal.com/ct/brutal-ms-13-murder-suspects-were-unaccompanied-minors-from-el-salvador/  on MS-13 gang
https://theintercept.com/2018/06/16/immigration-border-asylum-central-america/  Why?  
Why answered:  https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/11/us/politics/sessions-domestic-violence-asylum.html
https://www.theatlantic.com/video/index/563084/us-border-asylum/ Why?
Update 7/2/18 :  http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2015/oct/26/ben-carson/fact-checking-ben-carson-nazi-guns/
https://mises.org/library/gun-control-nazi-germany
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi_gun_control_argument
https://www.facinghistory.org/resource-library/decision-making-times-injustice/nazis-in-power-discrimination-obedience-opportunism
https://mediabiasfactcheck.com/vox/

Founded in 2014, Vox is a news hub run by Vox Media (Not to be confused with Vox German TV channel). , co-founded by former Washington Post columnist Ezra Klein who is also an editor.
The bias of Vox news realistically can’t be judged just upon one article, however here is how a review platform with over 25 reviews on a recent article title “Democrats with dreams of impeachment should consider how Iran-Contra turned out”. ... Vox has a solid small-l liberal ...

Wednesday, June 27, 2018

 

Our Jewish Genes' History Through the Ages

Nadene Goldfoot                                                       
Abram with Sarai and her Egyptian maid, Hagar
who  became mother of Ishmael, father of Ishmaelites, who will
also divide into 12 tribes.  They are the Arab descendants of Ishmael.
Modern Arab still claim this descent.  Sarah's son was Isaac.  His son, Jacob,
had 12 sons that became 12 tribes.  
Way back in Abraham's day, relatives married each other.  Abraham's wife was Sarah, his niece.
Descendants of Terah:   Abram's father was Terah.  They were the Ivrim (Hebrews from the east, around the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers).  Terah settled in the Chaldees.  I note in our Jewish law that a woman cannot marry her nephew but nothing was said about her uncle.  As for Abraham, Jewish law says he cannot marry his aunt, but said nothing about his niece.  
                                                                     
The Chaldees:  The city, along with the rest of southern Mesopotamia and much of the Near East, Asia Minor, North Africa and southern Caucasus, fell to the north Mesopotamian Assyrian Empire from the 10th to late 7th centuries BC. From the end of the 7th century BC Ur was ruled by the so-called Chaldean Dynasty of Babylon. It's located on the river.  Today, Ur is located in Iraq.  

Abram's brother was Haran.  Haran's daughter was Sarai.  He had married his brother's daughter.  "In American and English civil law, a man may not marry a niece who is the daughter of his brother or sister, but may marry a niece who is the daughter of his wife’s brother or sister. The halakhic permission—even encouragement—to marry the daughter of a brother or sister is superseded by the civil law’s prohibition in this case."

Abram's Tree

Terah b: in Ur of Chaldees, Sumeria, Mesopotamia Iraq d: in Haran in the year 2083 BCE Occupation: idol Manufacturer
. [1] Abram-Abraham b: in Ur of the Chalees d: in Hebron
..... +Sarai-Sarah d: in Hebron
. *2nd Wife of [1] Abram-Abraham:
..... +Hagar
. *3rd Wife of [1] Abram-Abraham:
..... +Keturah
. Haran
. [2] NAHOR II b: in Ur of Chaldees d: in Haran
..... +Milcah b: in Ur of Chaldees d: in Haran
. *Friend of [2] NAHOR II:
..... +Reumah

Sarai's Tree
Descendants of Haran

Haran
. Lot
. Iskah
. Milcah b: in Ur of Chaldees d: in Haran
..... +NAHOR II b: in Ur of Chaldees d: in Haran
. Sarai-Sarah d: in Hebron
..... +Abram-Abraham b: in Ur of the Chalees d: in Hebron
So to start with, children had double doses of certain genes
                                                    
Jacob with his true love, Rachel
who only bore 2 sons, Joseph and Benjamin
Below; Jacob with Rachel's sister, Leah, Rachel  and the rest of his family
.
                                                                   
Then Jacob had 12 sons by 2 sisters (Leah and Rachel) , and the 2 handmaids of each wife (Zilpah and Bilhah) .  This led to 12 tribes that were probably trying to live in their own tribal units while in slavery in Egypt for 400 years.  When they reached Canaan, the land was doled out by Moses and Joshua to each tribe, so they were able to live within their tribal unit and no doubt found mates within it.  The genes certainly could triple this way and become stronger.

King Solomon reigned from 961 to 920 BCE and died.  This caused a split in the empire with Judah and Israel dividing, and Judah was the southern part, ceding from Israel.  Now it would be less likely that marriages took place among each other's tribes.  The split was very political.
                                                                     
       
Assyrians attacked in 722-721 BCE and carried off the best of the people.  It is believed that some wound up to be in Afghanistan and Pakistan and are the Pashto people there.  Many have been maintaining their customs of Judaism all these about 3,000 years.
                                                                         
The Babylonia Exile took place in 597 and 586 BCE and not all Jews returned in 538 BCE, so this would have caused a bottleneck where many haplogroups could have been lost, Taken from Judah and then remaining in Babylonia.
                                                                       

By 70 CE (3,830 on the Jewish Calendar), Jerusalem was destroyed  by the Romans after 3 weeks of fighting along with the 2nd Temple and Jews  divided  when fleeing for safety.  The Sadducees from the 2nd Temple period,  were about wiped out in this attack by Herod.  As a continuing group, when the Temple was destroyed, they just disappeared.  They were probably descendants from the High Priest, Zadok.  Most likely they followed their family leadership in this emigration.  They would try to stay in family groups.  Obviously, some could not and would have become separated from each other.  Some, familiar with trading going on in Spain followed that path to become the Sephardim Jews.  Others were taken as slaves by the Romans.  Some Jews had already been there, too, trading with the Romans.   Many were killed.  The lucky ones were able to find their way to the Rhineland which was Germany and France as Roman soldiers needed slaves to do work, and were taken there in that manner.  These would become the Ashkenazi Jews.  Eventually they were able to be free and live there.
                                                                       
When they were not able to continue living there, they worked their way up northward to eastern Europe's countries and into Russia.  Catherine I, who ruled from 1725 to 1727,  put out an edict in May 1727, expelling all Jews living in Little Russia (Little Russia, sometimes Little Rus', is a geographical and historical term first used by Galician ruler Bolesław-Jerzy II who in 1335 signed his decrees as Dux totius Russiæ minoris. Wikipedia), only to be countermanded after her death. Then Catherine II "THE GREAT" ruled from 1762 to 1796 and  her Jewish policy in her last year of ruling  that Jews were to live in the Pale of Settlement .  This area including Poland, Latvia and Lithuania, had originally been called WHITE RUSSIA (Belorussia)(Belarus)  who lived here by the 16th century,  in 1786.  In 1795 she prohibited Jews from living in rural areas of the Pale.  

The Pale of Settlement consisted of 25 provinces of Czarist Russia.  It included Poland, Lithuania, White Russia, Ukraine, Bessarabia and Crimea.  Catherine II created this in 1791.  In 1835 rulers followed the oppressive STATUTE CONCERNING THE JEWS.  By 1882 they followed THE MAY LAWS.  All these laws severely hampered Jewish economic development.  The law keeping Jews in the Pale of Settlement was not abolished legally until March 1917 when the 1st World War ended.  
1. Jews be forbidden to settle anew outside of towns and boroughs, exceptions being admitted only in the case of existing Jewish agricultural colonies
2. 
"Temporarily forbidden are the issuing of mortgages and other deeds to Jews, as well as the registration of Jews as lessees of real property situated outside of towns and boroughs; and also the issuing to Jews of powers of attorney to manage and dispose of such real property."
3. "Jews are forbidden to transact business on Sundays and on the principal Christian holy days;
                                                      
Hitler ordering the slaughter of Jews
The 1930's brought on such strong anti-Semitism that Germany brought their laws against Jews that turned into the Holocaust and 6 million Jews were slaughtered in Europe.  

Today we have about 14 million Jews in the world; 6 million in Israel, 6 million in the USA and 2 million others scattered.  We are 0.02% of the world population and make up 2% of the USA population.  Israel is the only Jewish state in the world, created has our haven, since we were not allowed in any countries as refugees in our time of need, except the USA with restrictions.  One needed someone to take financial responsibility for a refugee. They had to sign to do this.  Boatloads with over 1,000 Jews were turned away from ports.   
                                                        

Since the discovery of DNA, we are finding that some Jewish marriages show that the wedded couple are distantly related to each other.  This is thought to reinforce the children's IQ points.  It can also cause genetic diseases as well.  



Sign on Nobel Laureates Boulevard in Rishon LeZion saluting Jewish Nobel laureates
As of 2017, Nobel Prizes  have been awarded to 892 individuals,[1] of whom 201 or 22.5% were Jews, although the total Jewish population comprises less than 0.2% of the world's population.[2] This means the percentage of Jewish Nobel laureates is at least 112.5 times or 11,250% above average. Various theories have been made to explain this phenomenon, which has received considerable attention (Wikipedia)

Jewish law: We are not to marry: (a) His mother, grandmother and ascendants; the mother of his grandfather; his stepmother, the wife of his paternal grandfather, and of his ascendants; and the wife of his maternal grandfather.
(b) His daughter, granddaughter, great granddaughter and her descendants; his daughter-in-law; the wife of his son’s son, and descendants; and the wife of his daughter’s son.
(c) His wife’s daughter or her granddaughter and descendants.
(e) His sister, half-sister, his full or half-brother’s wife (divorced or widowed) except for Levirate marriage with the widow of a childless brother, and the full or half-sister of his divorced wife in her lifetime.
(f) His aunt, and uncle’s wife (divorced or widowed), whether the uncle be a full or half-brother of his father or mother.
                                                             
Aaron, the brother of Moses, was from the tribe of Levi.  His descendants were to be the Cohens or priests to carry out certain duties.  The other members of his tribe, the Levites, were to be the teachers of the people and not to inherit land, but travel among the tribes teaching and living with them.  Today it is found by dna testing of the Y haplogroup, and comes up as J1, and some J2.  
It should be that Moses and Aaron carry the J1 haplogroup, so that all men descending from them directly should have this haplogroup as well. 
                                                                   

My father was not a Cohen.  HIs haplogroup is found in 5% of the Jews today.  It's QBZ67, formerly known as Q (M-242) or Q-Y2200, Q1b1a, Q (M-378), and Q-L245.  As the test was upgraded and as scientists found more information, the tag name changed.  Originating in Siberia, Mongolia and parts of Turkey, it was located in and around Ur.  
Jews are known to enjoy the professions of law and medicine.  We enjoy writing and teaching.  Jews were deprived of owning land for so long that few were able to ever farm until Russian Jews started returning by 1880  in groups called Alliyot to Palestine and farmed their ancient ancestor's land once again, bringing techniques studied from the technical developments of Russia.  Like pioneering American farmers, they found it dangerous because of marauding Arabs attacking them.  Now they assist other hot and dry climate countries with their farming techniques that they have discovered.  
                                                                     
We've had our bottlenecks or founder effects of our DNA.  The Founder Effect is defined as a type of bottleneck, "a type of genetic drift describing the loss of the allelic variation that accompanies founding of a new population from a very small number of individuals (a small sample of a much larger source population).Nov 24, 2013..  I consider myself as being very lucky to have been a part of the surviving 
Jewish population.


Albert Einstein, 1921
Albert Einstein (1879-1955) received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics.  He was born in Ulm, Germany but educated in
Switzerland, American citizen in 1940, known for his theory
of relativity.  He was a "conscious Jew and an active supporter
of Zionism", offered the presidency of Israel but turned it down.
His IQ was 180.  The average IQ is 100.  There are Jews 
with IQs that run about 10 points higher than the average.  


Resource:  The New Standard Jewish Encyclopedia

Tanakh, The Stone Edition (old testament) 
https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/468337/jewish/Prohibited-Marriages.htm
http://jewishfactsfromportland.blogspot.com/2010/01/what-haplogroup-we-be.html  (list of all male Jewish haplogroups found) Also lists Jewish  female haplogroups
http://www.aei.org/publication/the-2011-nobel-prize-and-the-debate-over-jewish-iq/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Jewish_Nobel_laureates
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_Laws

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